Sodium Laureth Sulfate
SODIUM LAURETH SULFATE · SLES · AES · CAS 68585-34-2 · EINECS 500-223-8
Jhaag dene wala mawad (جھاگ دینے والا مواد) — the world's most used anionic surfactant. Present in over 70% of all shampoos, body washes and facial cleansers globally. Derived from palm kernel oil or coconut oil; HALAL, EU-permitted, CIR-approved for rinse-off cosmetics. The foundational cleansing ingredient for every Pakistani personal care formulator.
68585-34-2
Active
Permitted
At a Glance
CosIng Ref 79583 · Alt CAS: 9004-82-4, 68891-38-3
~420 g/mol (n=2 typical) · Mixture of homologues
HLB ~40 (highly hydrophilic) · CMC ~0.2–1 mM
Facial Cleanser: 5–10% AM · Bubble Bath: 15–25% AM
Jhaag ka Baadshah — The World's Foaming Backbone
Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES) is the foundational cleansing and foaming agent of the modern personal care industry — the ingredient most directly responsible for the rich, abundant lather that consumers worldwide associate with effective cleaning. Present in over 70% of all shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, and bubble baths sold globally, SLES represents the single most commercially important surfactant in rinse-off cosmetic formulation. It is not an active that targets specific skin concerns; it performs a more fundamental physical role — reducing the interfacial tension between water and oily soil, allowing water to spread, and generating the stable foam that consumers universally interpret as evidence of cleaning efficacy.
SLES holds a specific and decisive advantage over its predecessor, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS): the ethoxylation step — insertion of 1 to 3 ethylene oxide (EO) units between the fatty chain and the sulfate head group — creates a hydrophilic spacer that dramatically reduces interaction with skin proteins. This yields a materially milder, less irritating cleansing experience while preserving SLS's robust foam performance. For Pakistani cosmetic manufacturers, SLES is indispensable. Pakistan's diverse climate — from Karachi's coastal humidity and warmth to Lahore's extreme seasonal heat — demands a surfactant that performs reliably across temperature ranges and in the hard water (150–400 ppm CaCO₂) common across Pakistan's water infrastructure. SLES satisfies all these requirements. Its foam is hard-water stable, its cleansing removes heavy oil loads from pre-oiled Pakistani hair in a single wash, and its biodegradability at typical use levels meets international environmental standards.
Bio Shop™ Pakistan stocks SLES in two ready-to-use formats. The Shampoo Base (~26–30% active matter) is a pre-diluted, direct-use liquid ideal for formulation without concentration calculations — use at 55–75% of a shampoo formula. The SLES 70% concentrate (68–72% AM) is a viscous paste for professional dilution to precise active matter targets. CoA, Halal documentation, and 1,4-dioxane test results available on request. Mandatory Bio Shop™ Rule: In all shampoo formulas, always specify "Shampoo Base" — never raw SLES. Visit bioshop.pk/products/shampoo-base for current stock and pricing.
Chemical Identification
Four Commercial Grades
SLES is commercially available in several active matter concentrations and quality tiers. Understanding grade differences is essential for accurate formula calculation and cost optimisation in Pakistani manufacturing. Bio Shop™ Pakistan stocks the Shampoo Base (26–30% AM ready-to-use format) as the primary product, and SLES 70% concentrate for professional formulators who require precise active matter control.
Use Level Behaviour
SLES exhibits a clear dose-response relationship between active matter (AM) concentration in the finished product and cleansing performance, foam volume, and skin tolerance. Understanding the AM mathematics is critical: always calculate formulas on an active matter basis, then back-convert to the weight of concentrated material (Shampoo Base or SLES 70%) to add. Using more SLES above approximately 15% AM in a standard shampoo does not produce proportionally more foam — the system reaches saturation. Excess SLES beyond the optimal level increases cost, may cause over-drying, and can make the formula difficult to rinse completely.
Functional Performance Profile
Three Complete Formulas
Three production-ready formulas from the Bio Shop™ Pakistan reference document — exact weights verified at 100g each via arithmetic. All formulas use Shampoo Base (never raw SLES). Formula 1 is a kalonji anti-hairfall shampoo inspired by Tibb-e-Nabawi tradition. Formula 2 is a neem and turmeric anti-acne body wash. Formula 3 is a heritage reetha and shikakai shampoo with premium natural positioning. All ingredients linked to bioshop.pk.
Classic Pairings
SLES is compatible with virtually all standard cosmetic ingredients except cationics at high concentration. The following pairings represent the most commercially validated combinations for Pakistani personal care formulation, confirmed from the Bio Shop™ Pakistan reference document. The 3:1 SLES:Coco Betaine ratio is the global gold standard for mildness and foam stability.
SLES vs. Alternatives
EU Cosmetics Reg & Safety Overview
EU Cosmetics Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 — Fully Permitted
SODIUM LAURETH SULFATE is not listed in Annex II (Prohibited Substances), Annex III (Restricted Substances), Annex IV (Colorants), Annex V (Preservatives), or Annex VI (UV Filters) of EU Regulation 1223/2009. It is a freely permitted cosmetic ingredient. There is no mandated maximum concentration for SLES in rinse-off products under EU regulation. Pakistani manufacturers exporting to the EU may use SLES at any concentration justified in their product safety assessment, subject to the general safety obligation of Article 3. The primary EU regulatory concern is the 1,4-dioxane trace impurity — not SLES itself. Specify maximum 10 ppm 1,4-dioxane in raw material procurement documentation for EU-destined products.
FDA & CIR Expert Panel — Safe in Rinse-Off Applications
The US Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel reviewed SLES (sodium and ammonium laureth sulfate) in 1983 and re-reviewed in 2005. The Expert Panel concluded that SLES is safe for use in rinse-off cosmetic products. The Panel's determination: SLES "has not evoked adverse responses in any toxicological testing" at typical rinse-off use concentrations. SLES is classified by the CIR as a dermal and ocular irritant at high concentrations or with prolonged contact — but not a sensitiser. This distinction is critical: SLES does not cause immune sensitisation (allergic contact dermatitis); SLES-related complaints are irritant-driven (contact-time and concentration-dependent) and are reversible with proper rinsing. Under FDA 21 CFR, SLES is a permitted cosmetic ingredient.
Pakistan DRAP & Halal — Fully Compliant
No current restriction under Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP) cosmetics guidelines. Pakistani formulators and manufacturers selling in the domestic market may use SLES freely at concentration levels supported by international safety data. Halal status is unambiguous: SLES is produced from plant-derived lauryl alcohol (palm kernel or coconut oil), with ethoxylation using petrochemical EO and neutralisation with mineral NaOH. No animal-origin materials, no ethanol consumption, no porcine derivatives, no prohibited substances at any stage. The compound is used externally in rinse-off products and is not ingested. JAKIM, IFANCA, SANHA, and Pakistan Halal Authority standards are all satisfied. Bio Shop™ Pakistan can provide manufacturer Halal certification documentation on request.
1,4-Dioxane — Trace Impurity Management
1,4-Dioxane is an unavoidable trace by-product of the ethoxylation process. It is not a deliberate ingredient but a technical impurity. 1,4-Dioxane is classified by IARC as a possible human carcinogen (Group 2B) based on animal studies. In cosmetic-grade SLES, 1,4-dioxane is controlled by vacuum stripping during manufacturing to below 10 ppm — well within the EU SCCS guidance threshold. Pakistani manufacturers supplying export products should specify maximum 10 ppm 1,4-dioxane in procurement documentation and request batch-specific test results from suppliers. For EU export, some brands target below 2 ppm. Bio Shop™ Pakistan provides 1,4-dioxane test results with documentation on request. Note: at below 10 ppm in raw material, 1,4-dioxane in a finished shampoo or body wash is negligible — no consumer health concern has been identified at these levels in over 60 years of widespread use.
Environmental — Aquatic Chronic 3 / Readily Biodegradable
Under CLP Regulation (EC) 1272/2008, SLES is classified as Aquatic Chronic Category 3 (harmful to aquatic organisms with long-lasting effects) — which requires the GHS environmental hazard symbol (exclamation mark or fish) on SDS and industrial containers. However, SLES is readily biodegradable (>60% BOD in standard OECD 301 test), meaning it degrades fully in municipal wastewater treatment and does not bioaccumulate. The Aquatic Chronic 3 classification reflects acute aquatic toxicity at high concentrations in laboratory testing — not a practical risk at consumer product use levels after dilution in wastewater. Pakistani manufacturers should note this classification on batch SDS for industrial customers but need not limit use of SLES in consumer cosmetics. Dispose of manufacturing waste concentrate responsibly — never undiluted to waterways.
Skin Tolerance — Fitzpatrick IV–VI & South Asian Skin
For Pakistan's consumer population (predominantly Fitzpatrick types IV–VI), properly formulated SLES-based rinse-off products are safe and well-tolerated. The oily scalp common among Pakistani consumers means SLES's effective sebum removal is a benefit, not a liability. Clinical studies comparing SLES to SLS in matched formulations consistently show lower TEWL (transepidermal water loss) for SLES — confirming the structural mildness advantage. Individuals with atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, rosacea, or severely dry skin should minimise SLES concentration (5–8% AM) or prefer SCI/glucoside-based alternatives. For babies under 12 months, SLES below 5% AM or SLES-free formulas are preferred. Pregnant women face no documented risk from SLES in normal rinse-off use. Contact lens wearers should avoid eye contact during facial cleansing.
Storing in Pakistan's Climate
Frequently Asked Questions
Is SLES halal? What is its exact origin and synthesis?
How do I verify SLES purity when buying in Pakistan? What adulterations are common?
How should I store SLES in Pakistan's extreme climate conditions?
What is the correct SLES use level? Can I use more for richer foam?
Is SLES safe for South Asian and Pakistani skin and hair types?
Which actives are compatible or incompatible with SLES in Pakistani formulas?
Does SLES cause hair fall? This is a major concern for Pakistani consumers.
What is the difference between SLES 70% and the Shampoo Base? Which should I buy?
Dive Deeper — Read the Complete Guide
Everything on this page and substantially more — the complete industrial synthesis pathway for SLES (all four stages with process conditions), detailed structure-activity relationship analysis of the EO chain length series (n=1 through n=4), CIR Expert Panel full safety assessment findings (1983 and 2005), skin layer interaction science and TEWL clinical trial data comparing SLES to SLS, hard water performance chemistry with Pakistan-specific water quality data (Karachi municipal, Lahore groundwater, rural Punjab), advanced formulation strategies including three complete production formulas (Kalonji Anti-Hairfall Shampoo, Neem+Haldi Anti-Acne Body Wash, Reetha+Shikakai Heritage Shampoo), Pakistani market opportunity analysis with three commercial product concepts, glossary of 18 key surfactant chemistry terms, and full 1,4-dioxane compliance guidance for EU export — all in one complete professional reference document.